Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the STIX data model?

The STIX (Structured Threat Information Expression) data model is designed to standardize the representation of cyber threat intelligence to facilitate sharing and analysis. It consists of various components that help articulate different aspects of threat data.

When analyzing the statement regarding courses of action, it is essential to recognize that courses of action in the context of STIX do not refer to outlining individual incidents. Instead, they generally describe recommended responses to specific adverse events or threats. Therefore, the assertion that they outline individual incidents does not align with the intended purpose and definitions within the STIX framework.

In contrast, the other statements correctly reflect the functions of their respective components in STIX. Observables are indeed used to describe potential sightings of malicious activity or indicators that can be detected, whereas indicators do specify examples of adversarial actions that have been observed or are expected. Reports offer details related to response efforts, helping ensure that the intelligence gathered can be acted upon effectively. Thus, the accurate interpretation and function of these elements reinforce why the claim about courses of action is not true within the context of the STIX data model.